{"id":929,"date":"2024-10-11T14:06:40","date_gmt":"2024-10-11T14:06:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifefagesos.it\/the-project\/the-problems-to-be-faced\/"},"modified":"2025-05-20T08:29:21","modified_gmt":"2025-05-20T08:29:21","slug":"problems-to-be-faced","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.lifefagesos.it\/en\/the-project\/problems-to-be-faced\/","title":{"rendered":"PROBLEMS TO BE FACED"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='welcome'  class='av-layout-grid-container av-6vb9a5-12e20e04cc8f1e9922f7d4e46077b209 entry-content-wrapper main_color av-fixed-cells  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_layout_row  avia-builder-el-first   container_wrap sidebar_right'  >\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6qyeod-f05c72a5003ac9cd1ef5606772557c2f\">\n.flex_cell.av-6qyeod-f05c72a5003ac9cd1ef5606772557c2f{\nvertical-align:top;\nheight:15px;\nmin-height:15px;\nbackground-color:#719430;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all 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.flex_cell.av-6703vp-cd5c114817e89ed693ec0d738ca23a1b{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-6703vp-cd5c114817e89ed693ec0d738ca23a1b av-gridrow-cell av_one_fourth no_margin  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_cell_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-last  av-zero-padding'  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id='hello'  class='av-layout-grid-container av-5zu5m5-152302020413e59d795e3ee52fdeec72 entry-content-wrapper main_color av-flex-cells  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_layout_row  el_before_av_layout_row  grid-row-not-first  container_wrap sidebar_right'  >\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5uwvo5-6272ee8f7d75b21e8534a94025f59bb5\">\n.flex_cell.av-5uwvo5-6272ee8f7d75b21e8534a94025f59bb5{\nvertical-align:top;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-5uwvo5-6272ee8f7d75b21e8534a94025f59bb5{\npadding:70px 70px 70px 70px !important;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 990px){ \n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-5uwvo5-6272ee8f7d75b21e8534a94025f59bb5{\npadding:70px 70px 70px 70px !important;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 989px){ \n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-5uwvo5-6272ee8f7d75b21e8534a94025f59bb5{\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px !important;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-5uwvo5-6272ee8f7d75b21e8534a94025f59bb5{\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px !important;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-5uwvo5-6272ee8f7d75b21e8534a94025f59bb5{\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px !important;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-5uwvo5-6272ee8f7d75b21e8534a94025f59bb5 av-gridrow-cell av_one_half no_margin  avia-builder-el-6  el_before_av_cell_one_half  avia-builder-el-first '  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5pp5yd-1a510788c5f02172a6e1e7102381c8dc\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-5pp5yd-1a510788c5f02172a6e1e7102381c8dc{\npadding-bottom:30px;\nfont-size:70px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-5pp5yd-1a510788c5f02172a6e1e7102381c8dc .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-5pp5yd-1a510788c5f02172a6e1e7102381c8dc .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:70px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-5pp5yd-1a510788c5f02172a6e1e7102381c8dc .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-5pp5yd-1a510788c5f02172a6e1e7102381c8dc .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-5pp5yd-1a510788c5f02172a6e1e7102381c8dc .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-5pp5yd-1a510788c5f02172a6e1e7102381c8dc av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-7  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  av-inherit-size'><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  ><u>Problems<\/u> to be faced<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5m4tl1-5ed917c85d00ab9e8c3594076f983771 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Tree species in the <strong>Fagaceae<\/strong> family, particularly <strong>evergreen oaks<\/strong> and <strong>chestnut<\/strong>, form predominantly pure and mixed forests in southern Europe and the Mediterranean basin.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Holm oak<\/strong> <em>(Quercus ilex subsp. ilex and ballota)<\/em> and <strong>cork oak<\/strong> <em>(Quercus suber)<\/em> are the two dominant evergreen oaks, with the former extending its geographic range from the Iberian Peninsula to Turkey and from central France to the coastal region of North Africa.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5bp9it-16974ca67c406cd9ef3fe2a20650fe14\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-5bp9it-16974ca67c406cd9ef3fe2a20650fe14{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-5bp9it-16974ca67c406cd9ef3fe2a20650fe14 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-589nod-e9d18251cc528ff9fdd94fd9f8ae5a2a\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-589nod-e9d18251cc528ff9fdd94fd9f8ae5a2a .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:29px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-589nod-e9d18251cc528ff9fdd94fd9f8ae5a2a '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><u>The distribution range of cork oak is more restricted and includes the Iberian Peninsula, North Africa, and scattered areas in France and Italy.<\/u><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-i1fxp-88bbe46f45ba6867247ff48fded58b4a\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-i1fxp-88bbe46f45ba6867247ff48fded58b4a{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-i1fxp-88bbe46f45ba6867247ff48fded58b4a hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-4w06xh-a707e06e6ff2714005116b24b4c13a81 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>In the Mediterranean basin, they characterize important and fragile ecosystems such as the Dehesa (in Spain) or Montado (in Portugal), which account for more than 3 million hectares only in the Iberian Peninsula (up to 2,2 million ha in Spain and 889.000 ha in Portugal).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4setit-6c3d42aa6bdcac373b646d7c0a66c794\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-4setit-6c3d42aa6bdcac373b646d7c0a66c794{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-4setit-6c3d42aa6bdcac373b646d7c0a66c794 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-13  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4ih1w5-6dc1906f2848364f1b1c9da0b225fc9f\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-4ih1w5-6dc1906f2848364f1b1c9da0b225fc9f .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:29px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-4ih1w5-6dc1906f2848364f1b1c9da0b225fc9f '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><u>They host agroforestry activities, including cork production and pig breeding, and often form important touristic attractions.<\/u><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4dzib1-93387860123b32b0064ce220ac4ef02e\">\n.flex_cell.av-4dzib1-93387860123b32b0064ce220ac4ef02e{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground:url(https:\/\/www.lifefagesos.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/montesanbiagio-1030x773.jpg) 100% 50% no-repeat scroll ;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-4dzib1-93387860123b32b0064ce220ac4ef02e{\npadding:100px 100px 100px 100px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-4dzib1-93387860123b32b0064ce220ac4ef02e av-gridrow-cell av_one_half no_margin  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_cell_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  avia-full-stretch'  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id='hello'  class='av-layout-grid-container av-3czs6d-339fe5df8f0c6828b86493daf968e9f1 entry-content-wrapper main_color av-flex-cells  avia-builder-el-16  el_after_av_layout_row  el_before_av_layout_row  grid-row-not-first  container_wrap sidebar_right'  >\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m26cppmw-925971d5751efd34e2de3f068eaef607\">\n.flex_cell.av-m26cppmw-925971d5751efd34e2de3f068eaef607{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground:url(https:\/\/www.lifefagesos.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Il-Castagno-scaled.jpg) 0% 0% no-repeat scroll ;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-m26cppmw-925971d5751efd34e2de3f068eaef607{\npadding:100px 100px 100px 100px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-m26cppmw-925971d5751efd34e2de3f068eaef607 av-gridrow-cell av_one_half no_margin  avia-builder-el-17  el_before_av_cell_one_half  avia-builder-el-first  avia-full-stretch'  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m26cqmb7-806ea27c139826011f6260ffc5c5ecc9\">\n.flex_cell.av-m26cqmb7-806ea27c139826011f6260ffc5c5ecc9{\nvertical-align:top;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-m26cqmb7-806ea27c139826011f6260ffc5c5ecc9{\npadding:70px 70px 70px 70px !important;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 990px){ \n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-m26cqmb7-806ea27c139826011f6260ffc5c5ecc9{\npadding:70px 70px 70px 70px !important;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 989px){ \n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-m26cqmb7-806ea27c139826011f6260ffc5c5ecc9{\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px !important;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-m26cqmb7-806ea27c139826011f6260ffc5c5ecc9{\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px !important;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-m26cqmb7-806ea27c139826011f6260ffc5c5ecc9{\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px !important;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-m26cqmb7-806ea27c139826011f6260ffc5c5ecc9 av-gridrow-cell av_one_half no_margin  avia-builder-el-18  el_after_av_cell_one_half  avia-builder-el-last '  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m26cr732-4d7732d514c6e4177a4abdc47c64d8e1\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-m26cr732-4d7732d514c6e4177a4abdc47c64d8e1{\npadding-bottom:30px;\nfont-size:70px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-m26cr732-4d7732d514c6e4177a4abdc47c64d8e1 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-m26cr732-4d7732d514c6e4177a4abdc47c64d8e1 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:70px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-m26cr732-4d7732d514c6e4177a4abdc47c64d8e1 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-m26cr732-4d7732d514c6e4177a4abdc47c64d8e1 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-m26cr732-4d7732d514c6e4177a4abdc47c64d8e1 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-m26cr732-4d7732d514c6e4177a4abdc47c64d8e1 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-19  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  av-inherit-size'><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Sweet <u>chestnut <\/u><\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-m26cri96-8565455e5d887dd23c10bec5f9a5abf9 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The chestnut tree <em>(Castanea sativa)<\/em> is a large deciduous tree found mainly in the Mediterranean region. Chestnut is an economically important tree used for both nut and wood production. Its distribution range extends from the Iberian Peninsula to the Caspian Sea and from Germany to North Africa.<\/p>\n<p>In Europe it covers an area of more than 2.5 million hectares (about the size of Sardinia Island) with 0.5 million hectares of those being devoted to fruit production[1].<\/p>\n<p>Most of the area (89%) is concentrated in a few Mediterranean countries (Italy, followed by Spain, Portugal and France).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-36x84d-5febdd0a59d4d37471736f9234c36189\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-36x84d-5febdd0a59d4d37471736f9234c36189{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-36x84d-5febdd0a59d4d37471736f9234c36189 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-21  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m26ct6e7-0f42cec91d9f394af5d09e5307d57c87\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-m26ct6e7-0f42cec91d9f394af5d09e5307d57c87 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:29px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-m26ct6e7-0f42cec91d9f394af5d09e5307d57c87 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><u>All these Fagaceae ecosystems provide important services to mankind: besides their agroforestry products and opportunities for recreation, they have important functions in water, air, soil and climate regulation.<\/u><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id='hello'  class='av-layout-grid-container av-2958np-ab00dadd29718579e630d51194978662 entry-content-wrapper main_color av-flex-cells  avia-builder-el-23  el_after_av_layout_row  el_before_av_layout_row  grid-row-not-first  container_wrap sidebar_right'  >\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m26cq775-f0640a41e8e55b8d17dc336b38772567\">\n.flex_cell.av-m26cq775-f0640a41e8e55b8d17dc336b38772567{\nvertical-align:top;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-m26cq775-f0640a41e8e55b8d17dc336b38772567{\npadding:70px 70px 70px 70px !important;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 990px){ \n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-m26cq775-f0640a41e8e55b8d17dc336b38772567{\npadding:70px 70px 70px 70px !important;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 989px){ \n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-m26cq775-f0640a41e8e55b8d17dc336b38772567{\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px !important;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-m26cq775-f0640a41e8e55b8d17dc336b38772567{\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px !important;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-m26cq775-f0640a41e8e55b8d17dc336b38772567{\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px !important;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-m26cq775-f0640a41e8e55b8d17dc336b38772567 av-gridrow-cell av_one_half no_margin  avia-builder-el-24  el_before_av_cell_one_half  avia-builder-el-first '  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m26cbnl2-b64f8bbf34317dd482a9872f2ec2758a\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-m26cbnl2-b64f8bbf34317dd482a9872f2ec2758a{\npadding-bottom:30px;\nfont-size:70px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-m26cbnl2-b64f8bbf34317dd482a9872f2ec2758a .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-m26cbnl2-b64f8bbf34317dd482a9872f2ec2758a .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:70px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-m26cbnl2-b64f8bbf34317dd482a9872f2ec2758a .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-m26cbnl2-b64f8bbf34317dd482a9872f2ec2758a .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-m26cbnl2-b64f8bbf34317dd482a9872f2ec2758a .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-m26cbnl2-b64f8bbf34317dd482a9872f2ec2758a av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-25  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  av-inherit-size'><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Alien Invasive Forest <u>Phytophthoras AIFP<\/u><\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-m26cdmvk-b12677bf7dd5391f38a98428df0c5ab3 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Alien Invasive Forest <strong><em>Phytophthoras<\/em><\/strong> (AIFPs) are among the most relevant biotic stressors of evergreen oak and chestnut ecosystems in Southern Europe and Mediterranean basin.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Phytophthora cinnamomi <\/strong><\/em>is currently the most widespread and impactful agent of root and stem canker in these ecosystems. Indeed, climatic changes are gradually modifying the main meteorological parameters in Mediterranean and temperate forest ecosystems.<\/p>\n<p>This entails an intensification in recurrence of extreme events (e.g. drought and flooding) and an increase of cardinal temperatures (min, mean and max) which is favouring the migration of AIFPs and their introduction and adaptation in new environments.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-22xsod-56fae060b58dda275e71c7ce6896a884\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-22xsod-56fae060b58dda275e71c7ce6896a884{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-22xsod-56fae060b58dda275e71c7ce6896a884 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-27  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m26cccrt-c4866893b75e911a211eee9a6704ee34\">\n.flex_cell.av-m26cccrt-c4866893b75e911a211eee9a6704ee34{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground:url(https:\/\/www.lifefagesos.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Alien-Invasive-Forest-pathogens-scaled.jpg) 100% 50% no-repeat scroll ;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-m26cccrt-c4866893b75e911a211eee9a6704ee34{\npadding:100px 100px 100px 100px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-m26cccrt-c4866893b75e911a211eee9a6704ee34 av-gridrow-cell av_one_half no_margin  avia-builder-el-28  el_after_av_cell_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  avia-full-stretch'  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/p>\n<div id='welcome'  class='av-layout-grid-container av-1vib1p-f9d9ed0061769fea999d972f99c775e6 entry-content-wrapper main_color av-fixed-cells  avia-builder-el-29  el_after_av_layout_row  el_before_av_layout_row  grid-row-not-first  container_wrap sidebar_right'  >\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1pu2f9-b139ec0e0c42e7f6e963d91684fd43d3\">\n.flex_cell.av-1pu2f9-b139ec0e0c42e7f6e963d91684fd43d3{\nvertical-align:top;\nheight:15px;\nmin-height:15px;\nbackground-color:#719430;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-1pu2f9-b139ec0e0c42e7f6e963d91684fd43d3{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-1pu2f9-b139ec0e0c42e7f6e963d91684fd43d3 av-gridrow-cell av_one_fourth no_margin  avia-builder-el-30  el_before_av_cell_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-first  av-zero-padding'  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1n2unx-4eac535decd6af8803d14d5e26ec138f\">\n.flex_cell.av-1n2unx-4eac535decd6af8803d14d5e26ec138f{\nvertical-align:top;\nheight:15px;\nmin-height:15px;\nbackground-color:#92bb46;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-1n2unx-4eac535decd6af8803d14d5e26ec138f{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-1n2unx-4eac535decd6af8803d14d5e26ec138f av-gridrow-cell av_one_fourth no_margin  avia-builder-el-31  el_after_av_cell_one_fourth  el_before_av_cell_one_fourth  av-zero-padding'  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1d2qxh-465bc5130502d4bd0f8a820d5ef8afb8\">\n.flex_cell.av-1d2qxh-465bc5130502d4bd0f8a820d5ef8afb8{\nvertical-align:top;\nheight:15px;\nmin-height:15px;\nbackground-color:#acd464;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-1d2qxh-465bc5130502d4bd0f8a820d5ef8afb8{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-1d2qxh-465bc5130502d4bd0f8a820d5ef8afb8 av-gridrow-cell av_one_fourth no_margin  avia-builder-el-32  el_after_av_cell_one_fourth  el_before_av_cell_one_fourth  av-zero-padding'  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-174b0t-6142ef93394fd2898b863305002e6f1f\">\n.flex_cell.av-174b0t-6142ef93394fd2898b863305002e6f1f{\nvertical-align:top;\nheight:15px;\nmin-height:15px;\nbackground-color:#e1fbb2;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-174b0t-6142ef93394fd2898b863305002e6f1f{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-174b0t-6142ef93394fd2898b863305002e6f1f av-gridrow-cell av_one_fourth no_margin  avia-builder-el-33  el_after_av_cell_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-last  av-zero-padding'  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id='hello'  class='av-layout-grid-container av-10nbod-4679466c2b1f4d8663b1b887f964da64 entry-content-wrapper main_color av-flex-cells  avia-builder-el-34  el_after_av_layout_row  el_before_av_section  grid-row-not-first  container_wrap sidebar_right'  >\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m26d9efr-a99b180f2eabc49a0b5cf46bdb87553f\">\n.flex_cell.av-m26d9efr-a99b180f2eabc49a0b5cf46bdb87553f{\nvertical-align:top;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-m26d9efr-a99b180f2eabc49a0b5cf46bdb87553f{\npadding:70px 70px 20px 70px !important;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 990px){ \n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-m26d9efr-a99b180f2eabc49a0b5cf46bdb87553f{\npadding:70px 70px 70px 70px !important;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 989px){ \n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-m26d9efr-a99b180f2eabc49a0b5cf46bdb87553f{\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px !important;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-m26d9efr-a99b180f2eabc49a0b5cf46bdb87553f{\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px !important;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-m26d9efr-a99b180f2eabc49a0b5cf46bdb87553f{\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px !important;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-m26d9efr-a99b180f2eabc49a0b5cf46bdb87553f av-gridrow-cell av_one_full no_margin  avia-builder-el-35  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '  ><div class='flex_cell_inner'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m26d80r3-de39af7d3eaef9201916786b6f0521a9\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-m26d80r3-de39af7d3eaef9201916786b6f0521a9{\nfont-size:70px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-m26d80r3-de39af7d3eaef9201916786b6f0521a9 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-m26d80r3-de39af7d3eaef9201916786b6f0521a9 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:70px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-m26d80r3-de39af7d3eaef9201916786b6f0521a9 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-m26d80r3-de39af7d3eaef9201916786b6f0521a9 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-m26d80r3-de39af7d3eaef9201916786b6f0521a9 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-m26d80r3-de39af7d3eaef9201916786b6f0521a9 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-36  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  av-inherit-size'><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >AIFPs like P. cinnamomi are amplifying the effects of climate change and reduce forests\u2019 climate mitigation potential<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-m26d5285-6b58bd664ba46bb5e86ca6ed771ac79b main_color avia-section-no-padding avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-37  el_after_av_layout_row  el_before_av_layout_row  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-929'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m26d3525-2350562d974e4c0b376b5b05847c7278\">\n#top .avia-icon-list-container.av-m26d3525-2350562d974e4c0b376b5b05847c7278 .iconlist_icon{\nbackground-color:#83a846;\nborder:1px solid #000000;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-icon-list-container av-m26d3525-2350562d974e4c0b376b5b05847c7278  avia-builder-el-38  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><ul class='avia-icon-list avia_animate_when_almost_visible avia-icon-list-left av-iconlist-big av-m26d3525-2350562d974e4c0b376b5b05847c7278 avia-iconlist-animate'>\n<li><div class='iconlist_icon av-m26d33a1-d8792ef3a3b667210696b567f41b8ff4 avia-font-entypo-fontello'><span class='iconlist-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue83f' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/span><\/div><article class=\"article-icon-entry \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconlist_content_wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: \"><\/header><div class='iconlist_content '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>they negatively impact the adaptability (vulnerability) of trees to extreme events (e.g. droughts) due to the destruction of fine root systems, and exposing trees to water stress.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><div class=\"iconlist-timeline\"><\/div><\/li>\n<li><div class='iconlist_icon av-m26d61i9-3a68e29ea9d4492e005ff07860903aba avia-font-entypo-fontello'><span class='iconlist-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue867' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/span><\/div><article class=\"article-icon-entry \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconlist_content_wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: \"><\/header><div class='iconlist_content '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>tree decline and mortality impair the carbon sequestration ability of forests, reducing their mitigation potential of the effects of climate change.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><div class=\"iconlist-timeline\"><\/div><\/li>\n<li><div class='iconlist_icon av-m26d6oca-6f2dc86dc9e36c4cca1d615317b33dac avia-font-entypo-fontello'><span class='iconlist-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue8b8' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/span><\/div><article class=\"article-icon-entry \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconlist_content_wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: \"><\/header><div class='iconlist_content '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>soil physical, chemical and microbiological properties are heavily affected by AIFPs epidemics.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><div class=\"iconlist-timeline\"><\/div><\/li>\n<li><div class='iconlist_icon av-m26d71ai-1e57922c9b388c26ad8075414f473fd2 avia-font-entypo-fontello'><span class='iconlist-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue83e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/span><\/div><article class=\"article-icon-entry \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconlist_content_wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: \"><\/header><div class='iconlist_content '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>AIFPs colonization of new environments has a direct effect on soilborne microbial community composition and functioning; on plants community biodiversity and structure; an indirect effect has been observed on animal community composition and dominance in the challenged forest ecosystems.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><div class=\"iconlist-timeline\"><\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m26db6vn-b8939971717f1b193374991161f81354\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-m26db6vn-b8939971717f1b193374991161f81354{\nheight:10px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-m26db6vn-b8939971717f1b193374991161f81354 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-39  el_after_av_iconlist  avia-builder-el-last '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='welcome'  class='av-layout-grid-container av-w0kl9-2e508c40261044b724d6313abb8f7760 entry-content-wrapper main_color av-fixed-cells  avia-builder-el-40  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_custom_layout  grid-row-not-first  container_wrap sidebar_right'  >\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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